Abstract: This paper proposes the analytical framework of reconstructing the logic of comparative advantage, pointing out that intelligent technology promotes systematic changes in factor endowment structure, industrial spatial layout, technological evolution path, and institutional environment through new production factors such as data. The old logic of relying on low-cost labor and economies of scale as the world factory is facing challenges, while a new logic of intelligent manufacturing power based on technology-driven, platform-empowered, and rule-based approaches is taking shape. Research has found that the transformation of China's manufacturing industry is not only an inevitable choice to cope with rising labor costs, technological blockades, and supply chain risks, but also an active leap to leverage the advantages of a complete industrial system, a super-large market, and policy mobilization capabilities. China should embark on a distinctive development path that is different from the United States, Germany, and Japan, and achieve transformation through the triple leap. We should shift from traditional production factors to data-driven factors, from capacity-based manufacturing to platform-based intelligent manufacturing, and from passively embedding in the global value chain to actively leading rule making. At the policy level, China should establish a collaborative policy system that covers skill upgrading, platform support, and value chain governance, and promote the formation of a new pattern of manufacturing development that emphasizes both independent and controllable development as well as open collaboration. The theoretical contribution of this article lies in the construction of an analytical framework for the dynamic evolution of comparative advantages in China's manufacturing industry in the era of intelligence. It provides a new economic explanation for understanding the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry and has important reference value for the country to formulate development plans for intelligent manufacturing.
