Abstract: The construction of a modern industrial system should focus on understanding from the two categories of modernization and system. The modern characteristics of autonomy, openness, and coordination determine that the modern industrial system is the foundation for building a new development pattern. We can seek paths and mechanisms for building a modern industrial system from aspects such as structure, factor synergy, industrial organization, and time perspective, all of which have different policy implications. At present, the main challenges facing the construction of the modern industrial system are not only the complex geopolitical and other external factors, but also several internal factors, such as the separation of scientific and technological innovation from the real economy, the weak foundation of the real economy, the lack of long-term capital sources for innovation, and the scarcity of top talents.
