Abstract: Agricultural and rural modernization is a significant aspect of Chinese modernization, and its theoretical paradigm is also an important content of China's development economics. The specific goals of promoting agricultural and rural modernization on the basis of a moderately prosperous society in all respects are: agricultural modernization with high quality and high efficiency as the goal, rural vitalization with the goal of livable and suitable business in rural areas, farmers' modernization with the goal of farmers' prosperity. The key to realizing agricultural modernization is the innovation or transformation of development paradigm: from the trickle-down development of non-agricultural development to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, from the pursuit of agricultural surplus paradigm to the mode of quality plus added value, from land and labor to modern elements such as science and technology and human capital in the basic elements of agriculture development, the connotation of urbanization shift to the creation of modern living conditions equivalent to urban standards in rural towns. These four changes in the development paradigm can promote the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and realize the prosperity of farmers. The new paradigm of agricultural and rural modernization can be traced back to the general theory of development economics, but the creation of China's agricultural and rural development paradigm reflects the new expansion of Chinese modernization road and is the new contribution of China's development theory to the new progress of development economics.
