Abstract: A modern industrial system serves as the material foundation of Chinese-style modernization, and the development of China's modern industrial system relies heavily on innovation and advancement in industrial technology. Since the launch of reform and opening-up, thanks to policy innovations and breakthroughs on the demand, supply, institutional, and capability fronts, the development of China's industrial technology has gradually transitioned from market-for-technology to market-driven technology and is now entering a new phase of technology-led market. Currently, as the wave of the Fourth Industrial Revolution sweeps across the globe, future global industrial and technological competition will unfold between China and the United States. China possesses strong competitive advantages in multiple cutting-edge fields, including artificial intelligence, nuclear fusion, and quantum communication. To further forge and consolidate its competitive edge in science and technology industries and secure global influence in industrial technology, China should adopt a multi-pronged approach to guide and encourage large enterprises—as the primary drivers of innovation—to invest in basic research. Additionally, by drawing on the advanced experiences of developed nations, China should build an efficient and sustainable ecosystem for scientific research and innovation.
