Abstract: Establishing scenario-oriented research and development institutions is a crucial safeguard for achieving high-level self-reliance in science and technology and developing new-quality productive forces. To accelerate the pursuit of high-level self-reliance in science and technology, it is necessary to effectively address the disconnect between scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Scenario-oriented research and development institutions can guide the direction of technological R&D based on market demand, validate technological feasibility through market applications, and use market returns to fuel technological iteration and upgrading. However, it must not be overlooked that deep-seated challenges—such as a fragmented system, homogenized services, and bureaucratic mechanisms—still urgently need to be addressed. Large R&D institutions must focus on the complex scenarios of national strategies, build comprehensive, full-chain, engineering-oriented pilot testing platforms, and prioritize solving the verification challenges of bottleneck technologies during industrialization. Small and medium-sized R&D institutions need to activate the collaborative innovation momentum of distributed pilot testing nodes. By building a distributed pilot-scale ecosystem that fosters collaboration among large, medium, and small R&D institutions—through restructuring organizational frameworks, deepening resource integration, reforming evaluation and incentive mechanisms, and strengthening policy coordination—we can promote the efficient flow of innovation factors within a unified national market and achieve precise alignment between latent market demand and technological supply.
