Abstract: In response to the critical strategic need to accelerate high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China urgently needs to establish an independent, comprehensive, open, and efficient national innovation system. An analysis of typical cases in Jiangsu indicates that a global industrial science and technology innovation hub is a vital component of the national innovation system. It helps increase the supply of high-quality scientific and technological resources, strengthen the role of enterprises as the primary drivers of innovation, and enhance the level of transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, thereby promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation. The new quality of productive forces currently driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution shares the same direction, originates from the same source of momentum, and complements the functions of the goal to build global industrial science and technology innovation hubs, and will play a significant leading role in the latter. However, building global industrial science and technology innovation hubs under the guidance of the new quality of productive forces still faces multiple challenges, including path dependence in traditional industrial development, reliance on others for key core technologies, uncertainty in industrial technology roadmaps, diversity in production relations, and the complexity of the international environment. Therefore, during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is imperative to further reinforce the central role of new-quality productive forces. Specific, targeted strategies must be designed across five key areas—industrial system synergy, supply chain diversification, governance of industrial chain lead enterprises, integrated support for production factors, and the construction of a unified national market—to guide the optimization of pathways and the enhancement of efficiency in building a global center for industrial science and technology innovation.
