This paper first analyzes the influence of intermediate goods on enterprises’ total factor productivity from the perspective of the source structure. The results indicate that the increase in the number of import origin countries, the decrease of import concentration have positive effects on the improvement of TFP. The biggest improvement occurs in the enterprises who import from both developing and developed countries, general trade import enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises and enterprises with export behaviors. The source structure improve the productivity of enterprises mainly through the production complementary mechanism brought by the diversification of import types. Among them, the import enterprise effect of heterogeneous products is greater, while the cost saving mechanism caused by the decline of import prices has no significant effect. Therefore, China should encourage capable enterprises to import from developed and developing countries at the same time, so that they can enjoy the complementary benefits of production brought by the diversification of intermediate products. In the import market of developed countries, enterprises should be encouraged to open up multiple import channels to reduce their excessive dependence on some developed countries.
