In the early days of opening-up, there were still many doubts in the theoretical realm. According to traditional theory of political economics, the existing international economic rules and orders are dominated by developed countries, which are unfair and unreasonable to developing countries. Therefore, under the international economic system dominated by capitalist powers, it is doubtful whether China can benefit from opening-up in both theory and practice. Compared with our practice, the theory always lags behind. We try and rush boldly, breaking a new path. As for opening of area, we gradually expand its scope, from the special economic zones to coastal and riverside cities, from inland opening-up to national opening-up. As for opening of industry, we give full play to our comparative advantages, comply with the globalization characterized by the free flow of factors across the border, vigorously encourage foreign investment, make the best use of our low-end factor advantages, integrate into the GVC distributing system from the low-end industries , and turn the population burden into "demographic dividends". We have successfully connected with international high-end industries, and have combined the imported advanced technology with independent innovation. Over the past few decades, China has become the world's manufacturing center, and has achieved leapfrog development in high-speed rail, new energy, high-end equipment and other fields, reaching the world's advanced level.
