Based on the county-level new local chronicles and other data, this article compares and analyzes the evolution of the county-level financial balance in the three provinces (districts) of Fujian, Anhui, and Guangxi in different historical periods. The study found that during the planned economy period, the county-level financial gap in the provinces was at a high level; in the early stage of reform and opening up, the county-level financial gap remained high, and Fujian in the eastern region was more obvious; the financial gap during the tax-sharing reform period was first narrowed and then expanded, but after 2007, the financial imbalance in the dimension of fiscal expenditure has improved significantly. Generally speaking, the financial balance at the county level is not only affected by the regional economic gap, but also by the fiscal system, especially the intergovernmental transfer payment system. During the planned economy period, significant county-level financial imbalances also existed. Under the market economy system, the goal of county-level financial balance and the equalization of basic public services can be achieved. The tax-sharing system reform and the corresponding transfer payment system have significantly improved the fiscal balance at the county level. In order to achieve the reform goal of "regional equilibrium" fiscal relations proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we should continue to adhere to and improve the tax-sharing system reform.
