Scientific and technological innovation in the new era needs to be integrated into national development and modernization, and scientific and technological innovation and economic development must be closely integrated. Therefore, we should upgrade our perspective from “innovative activities” to “innovation system”, and establish a systematic thinking.From the perspective of economic activities, scientific and technological innovation can be simply divided into two stages according to the innovation process: one is “knowledge production”, that is, the transformation of funds into original knowledge, and the main body is scientific research institutions. The other is “knowledge application”, that is, convert knowledge into assets to apply, and the main body is the enterprise. In constructing a scientific and technological innovation system, it is necessary to distinguish the different characteristics of the two stages.From the perspective of systematic thinking, the subjects related to the scientific and technological innovation system include the government, scientific research institutions, enterprises, intermediary platforms, and the market. The five subjects are in place, interconnected, and influential to each other, forming five forces that influence scientific and technological innovation. We should conduct a deep analysis of the roles, functions, and modes of action of these five entities in the scientific and technological innovation system, and build a “technological innovation system” with the goal of improving overall innovation capabilities.
