This article examines the impact of population quality differences on the growth of the service industry from a micro perspective. The research based on China shows that 2011 was a turning point in the accelerated growth of China's service industry, and with technological progress and the improvement of per capita income, high-quality populations are playing an increasingly important role in the accelerated growth of China's service industry. Further research shows that the direct influence mechanism of population quality on the growth of the service industry can be decomposed into four types: "comparative advantage effect", "opportunity cost effect"，"psychological preference effect" and "relative price effect" of high-quality population. This paper provides an important theoretical basis for the division of China's development stage, and has policy implications for promoting high-quality development and fostering China to transform from a major service industry country to a powerful one after China's economy has entered the "Lewis Turning Point".
