By constructing an intertemporal optimization model for heterogeneous consumers, the article analyzes the specific mechanism of financial inclusiveness achieving pro-poor growth through influencing capital growth rate and income inequality based on theories, and tests theoretical propositions by means of using cross-border panel data of 142 countries from 1990 to 2017. The study shows that improving financial inclusiveness has dual functions of economic growth and income distribution improvement. The enhancement of financial inclusiveness has a strong role in promoting human capital accumulation in middle-income and low-income countries, but has no significant impact on capital accumulation in low-income countries. The analysis shows that improving the level of financial inclusiveness is of great significance to achieve China's pro-poor growth. We must vigorously develop inclusive finance, lower financial market access standards, increase the effective supply of financial services, strengthen the construction of credit system, and reduce the information asymmetry between the supply and demand sides of funds to promote pro-poor growth in China.
