AbstractWith the intensification of the impact of anti globalization, the vertical division of labor of the global value chain tends to shorten, while the trend of regional agglomeration under the horizontal division of labor is prominent, and its governance structure also presents new characteristics. From the perspective of horizontal competition, it is necessary to build a binary analysis framework of global value chain governance structure, namely active governance structure and passive governance structure, in order to see the dynamic control and competition problems at the nodes of global value chain. First, in the active governance structure, enterprises mostly adopt M-shaped organizational structure and diversified management strategy, focus on non price competition to affect market conditions, and control the central relationship of the global value chain in the form of contract awarding; Second, in the passive governance structure, enterprises mostly adopt U-shaped organizational structure and professional management strategy, emphasize the price competition relationship under the established market conditions, and also show the outsourcing peripheral relationship in outsourcing activities; Third, enterprises tend to choose active governance structure in high value-added links such as R&D, design, marketing and after-sales service, and passive governance structure in low value-added links such as logistics procurement, production and distribution. Therefore, the "smile curve" has become the key link between the active governance structure and the passive governance structure, reflecting the internal relationship between duality and the potential path of industrial upgrading.
