In October 2015, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed "implementing the comprehensive two child policy". On May 31, 2021, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee proposed "implementing the policy that allow all couples to have up to three children" (hereinafter referred to as "three child policy"). In five and a half years, China's birth rate only rebounded significantly in 2016, and continued to decline in the following four years. How to realize the transition from the liberalization of “quantitative change” on the policy side to the “qualitative change” on the family willing side is a difficult problem facing China in improving the birth policy.Firstly, this paper discusses the practical dilemma of increasing family fertility willingness, and points out that low family fertility willingness is a common phenomenon in highly urbanized and industrialized countries. Fertility cost is the primary reason that hinders the improvement of family fertility willingness. The effect of fertility policy in controlling fertility is far better than encouraging fertility. Then, it summarizes the five experiences of other countries' policies to encourage childbirth. Finally, combined with China's national conditions, this paper gives specific countermeasures and suggestions, including increasing financial support and strengthening social capital supervision to reduce parenting costs, emphasizing the differentiated implementation of fertility policies, strengthening the important role of enterprises in fertility policies, and exploring the model of government bearing fertility costs.
